Audit Working Paper Checklist

AUDIT WORKING PAPER CHECK LIST 1. Appointment Letter 2. Management Representation 3. Cash Certificate 4. Final Trial Balance 5. Draft Financial Statements. 6. Bank Reconciliation and Bank Statements at the year end and month following the balance sheet date. 7. Photocopy of Challan for Deposit of Statutory Dues outstanding at the year end. 8. Photocopies Challan for deposit of Labour Dues. 9. Evidence for Exchange rate adopted for translation at the close of the year. 10. Photocopy of Bills evidencing additions to Fixed Assets with ledger prints outs. 1. Quantitative details of Raw material Work in progress and Finished Goods stock and certificate of Physical verification and stock on hand. 12. Ledger print out of inventory quantities at year end. 13. Excise Duty rates of finished goods adopted for valuation of stock. 14. Photocopy of TDS returns with annexure 15. Photocopy of Excise return with annexure 16. Photocopy of Service Tax Return. 17. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT Challan/T DS Certificates 18. Confirmation of Loans Outstanding. 19. Confirmations – Debtors Creditors advances. 0. Ledger print of unsecured loans. 21. Ledger print out of ESI/PF recoveries and deposits. 22. Certificate of Actuarial Valuations for retirement and long term benefit provisions. 23. Ledger print of Cenvat credits. 24. Reconciliation of Excise/ Cenvat as per Excise and Financial records. 25. Worksheet for valuation of raw and finished stock. With photocopy of last bills if on FIFO Basis 26. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letters 27. Evidence for payment of Bonus out standing. 8. Details of Provisions made at the year end with copies of bills 29. Photocopies of Fixed deposit receipts outstanding. 30. Note on reasons for significant variation in Income and Expense head wise. 31. Details of Foreign currency Asset and Liabilites 32. Details of Forward contracts in foreign currency outstanding 33. Details any offices opened out of India In case of Corpor ate Entities following additional Documents required 1. Copy of resolution for increase in authorized capital if any. 2.Copy forms filed for increase in authorized capital. 3. Copy of return of allotment in case increase in paid up share capital. 4. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letter and copy of form 8 & 13 5. Certificate as to occurrences of any fraud during the year. 6. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT /Dividend Tax /wealth tax challan/TDS Certificates 7. Copy of annual return filed under companies Act. 8. Confirmation as to change in shareholding as on date of balance sheet in relation to previous year 9.List of debtors with debtors outstanding for more than six months. 10. List of related party with details of transaction 11. Copy of Actuarial Valuation report with details of assumptions. 12. Quantitative details of Purchase sale and stock as per schedule VI 13. Expenditure and Income in Foreign Currency 14. Details of Managerial Remuneration. 15. Details of Payment made to Auditors 16. Details of Book value and market Values in case of investments 17. Audited Balance sheet and report of Subsidiary associates and Joint venture companies.

Greek Contributions Essay

Contributions of Ancient Greece Many of the roots of Western society can be traced back to ancient Greece. The longest areas of contribution are architecture, medicine, and philosophy. The philosophical area of ancient Greece is one of the most important; it foundededucational laws and many other things. Also architecture was a major part of what ancient Greece left behind considering they constructed huge buildings that still stand today. Greece was known as one of the founders of modern medicine since they learned how to fix dislocated joints and broken arms. Those are the major contributions left behind from the Greek’s. One of the advancement’s that affects western civilization is architecture. Greece created huge buildings such as the Parthenon and Pantheon. Columns that are used in the Parthenonare found all over the world today such as the White House and other Government buildings such as the Capital Building and The Jefferson Memorial. Also the limestone and ma rble in the buildings and column’s are still used today because of their beauty and durability. The amazing architecture of Greece gave us the idea of creating massive buildings and columns. One of the greatest contributions of ancient Greece is philosophy. Aristotle, the great philosopher believed that reason is the one thing that guides lives. The three philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates founded the main idea of philosophy today. Socrates thought that you should ask questions that caused you to think deeply about a subject and find the truth in everything. Plato founded the idea that there should be laws on education. These three philosophers together created the idea that we should take what life gives us but find the truth in everything. These famous Greek philosophers set morals and ideas that we use in everyday life. One of the greatest achievements in the ancient world was medicine. There were many doctors who practiced things that will make patients feel better or be cured without hurting patients. Before a doctor called Hippocrates the ancient world believed that gods and demons cause illnesses but then he came around and taught that diseases had natural causes. The doctors of Greece showed us how to find many cures, put dislocated joints back in place, and how to reset bones. Finally they gave us the idea that doctors should do everything in their power to do what is best for the patient. Ultimately, the many contributions of ancient Greece affected our world in many different ways. Medicine helped us to cure many people and have people feel better when they  broke something, dislocated something, or even had a disease. Philosophy of Greece founded the way we learn and question things in today’s world. Finally the architecture of Greece has survived the test of time and impacts many important buildings in the United States of America and many other countries in the world. All in all those are the many contributions of ancient Greece.

Causes of Political Disaffection and Disengagement

Causes of Political Disaffection and Disengagement Is the British political class to blame for political disaffection and disengagement? The Founding Fathers suggested that a democracy can only come to impartial decisions if both high levels of representation and deliberation take place (Gargarella, 1998). As a result of growing political disengagement and disaffection within contemporary British politics, there is a growing, â€Å"focus on the quality of representative democracy in Britain and on the quality of participatory democracy† (Kelso, 2007, p365) – the relationship that has been recognised is that political disaffection and disengagement are not conducive with an impartial democracy. Worryingly, both the Hansard Society’s annual, ‘ Audit of Political Engagement’ (2017), and a recent House of Commons briefing paper, ‘Political disengagement in the UK: who is disengaged?† (2017), suggest that political disaffection and disengagement are growing issues; knowledge of politics is down six percent from the previous year (49%), the level of trust in Government ‘to put the needs of the nation first’ has dropped to 17% (2013) and trust in the credibility of MPs stands at a measly 9%. These figures indicate that there is indeed an issue of disaffection and disengagement within the UK, thus, to determine if the political class or instead, something else is responsible, it becomes necessary to investigate what the cause of disengagement and disaffection is within specific subsections of the population; especially those who are more likely to become disengaged from politics – the ‘disaffected democrats’ (Flinders, 2015). These factions include demographics such as the ‘working class’ and ‘18-24 year olds’, both of which account for low levels of knowledge in politics compared to the average mentioned above; 29% and 33% respectively (Hansard Society 2017). The term ‘political class’ is conten tious and, ‘is still not thoroughly developed in literature’ (Manolov 2013). Allen that the term political class is used to identify certain, ‘flawed characteristics’, that elected politicians tend to hold, those being: â€Å"Limited roots in local constituencies, inexperience of the real world, inability to reï ¬â€šect the social background of the voting population, inability to represent devolved and English regions, and their tendency to engage in a style of politics that is off-putting to the general public.† (Allen Phillips (1995), most notably suggested that the electorate tends to favour those that are, â€Å"best equipped to represent† (Wà ¤ngerud, 2009, p.52), their views – those that can empathise directly with their electorate. Underrepresentation is an issue for a much wider demographic than just the working class. Just 8% of MPs identify as BME (British Future, 2017) whilst the population of BME citizens in the UK stand s at 13% (Census, 2011). Furthermore, just 2% of MPs are under the age of 30 (Total Politics, 2016) whereas those who are of voting age under 30 make up 8.4% (Census, 2011). As the political class is not representative of the working class, or if it fails to represent minorities proportionally, there is no sense of, ‘impartiality’, within the representative process (Gargarella, 1998), resulting in political disaffection and potentially even disengagement.

About a memorable experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About a memorable experience - Essay Example These make me overlook the negative side of life, with all the bad experiences it presents. They always remind me that the bad experiences never last, and it is always a matter of time before I smile again. Among all the good experiences I have had, there is only one, which will remain embedded in my mind forever. This is one bittersweet, but memorable experience that has in many ways, influenced my life, especially the way I perceive the world today and the things therein. It all started as a joke, and little did I know that this could culminate into a life-changing experience. On this warm summer afternoon, I asked my friends for their opinions about what we would do for my birthday, as the normal house parties had become monotonous, and I wanted a different experience. â€Å"How about this time round you be the one giving out gifts? Give gifts to people on your birthday!† one of my friends suggested. â€Å"That sounds great . . . but how?† I wondered. â€Å"The homeless!† another friend quickly suggested. The six of us agreed to make it our project, and we started counting down days. Each person would start keeping stuff, which we would take as our gifts. Each one of us would also save little money to buy food and other stuff. With only one and a half months remaining to my birthday, everyone was committed to playing their role. When it was only two weeks remaining, we identified the homeless people we would visit and set everyt hing in order. Finally, it was the eve of my birthday. I invited my friends to our house so we could set all the stuff in order in preparation for the next day. Both my friends’ parents and my parents were happy with our plan and offered us a little more money and stuff to add up. When morning came, we all were happy and anticipated for the unfolding of events in that day. My mum offered to drive us to the designated place. In an hour’s time, we arrived at our destination. We unpacked our luggage and went ahead to

Analysis JB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis JB - Essay Example Some children also learn to play the keyboard at a very tender age, and this helps them to improve in spatial-temporal skills. Regular playing of the musical instrument changes the shape of the brain and gives it more power to improve cognitive skills. The musicians have higher intelligence quotient (IQ) in comparison with non-musicians (Mathews 1). Managers who are love listing and listening to music has refined managerial skills, as they are capable of organizing their schedules wisely. Musicians value quality time to quantity time. The most celebrated musicians are champions of time management. They plan and practice in the various challenging environments making them efficient time managers. Playing various instruments together makes music so music able. The people who perform a task together have ability to relate with each other in a harmonious manner in oppose to those who prefer individual work. To play music would require one to work with others to make an appealing music. People get to learn from each other hence boosting their mutual understanding of one another. Music has power to develop teamwork for the members. Music involves reading and counting notes and rhythms, which has an aspect of mathematics. Learning various techniques of playing the musical instruments require patience and passionate because music is an art of performance. The reading of arithmetic and elementary instruments give the people who play music an upper hand to be champions of mathematics unlike the haters of music. To play a reasonable music, one has to read constantly and comprehensively. Musicians must have an audacity to read and understand the rhythms’ arrangement and notes to produce the correct accurate patterns. Reading much enables one to adventure in the field of knowledge and exposure. Persistent reading gives someone an insight ability to master the concepts. By playing musical instruments, therefore, help one to improve his/her reading

What is Abortion and is it Morally Permissible Essay

What is Abortion and is it Morally Permissible - Essay Example In order to determine the ‘rightness’ or the ‘wrongness’ of the issue of abortion, virtue ethics can frame the issue, but the questions becomes how to define what is virtue and by whose standards it is defined. In deciding how to discuss abortion, defining the morality of the procedure is dependent upon the personal morals of the individual as they are influenced by their beliefs systems concerning the value of the life within the womb. The effect in the UK as abortion was made legal was profound. After the Abortion Act of 1968 came into existence the first observable consequence was a dramatic drop in emergent medical care as a result of poorly executed and illegal abortions. The number of abortions performed in the first year in England, Wales, and Scotland numbered at 23,641, which rose to 54,819 in 1969 and 160,000 in 1972.1 Through an examination of the statistics, the numbers reveal that a great number of people have determined that the procedure has v alue to them and that the morality of having the procedure either is irrelevant or they are in support of abortion as a moral choice. In addition, the number of women dying each year from poorly executed illegal abortions between 1926 and 1935 was between 400 and 500 per year.2 From this perspective, legal abortion saves the lives of women who might otherwise seek an illegal procedure. The morality of abortion can be related to defining the meaning of the concept. From a social standpoint, however, the definition of abortion becomes much more complicated. Abortion is a cause, it is a crime, it is a political stance, and it is a perspective, all depending on the belief systems within which it is being considered. One perspective on the impact of abortion on gender relations is that it was a contributing factor to increased freedoms for women so that they could participate in the public sector, having jobs and conducting business on an equal basis to men. From another perspective, abo rtion has contributed to an increase in promiscuity which is based on the premise that pregnancy no longer must be a sign of immoral behaviour as the consequences to that behaviour can be eliminated.3 Thomson relates an example of how abortion can be viewed as a right for women. The parable that is used is based on the idea that a grown musician is in medical peril and the music association decides to attach the musician, through a tube, to another person in order to continue his life. Although the person has not given permission for the tube to be attached to save this person’s life, the removal of this tube will kill the musician. The moral question that Thomson poses is whether or not the person who is facilitating the life of the musician is morally obligated to continue to do so because cutting off the ties between them would kill the musician.4 Thomson is suggesting that the individual who is tied to the musician has a right to leave the situation as they were not given the option or choice in facilitating the continuation of the musician’s life. The morality involved is about choice. The right thing to do is dependent upon the choices that an individual makes about how they perceive their obligations within this world. A person who believes that the initial crime of being hooked up to another individual without permission is the moral parable that defines the situation will believe that abortion is a natural extension of individual rights and is morally acceptable. The decision to abort a foetus that will become a child that cannot be cared for appropriately or whose existence will irreparably damage the life of a woman may exert a sense of morality over

Introduction to film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to film - Movie Review Example In Bruges involves serial killings by contactors who are under a supreme authority of a single employer. Harry Waters (Ralph) is the man behind all the occurrences in the movie. He employs Ken and Ray to eliminate his enemies. These two hit men must follow the instructions of Harry before undertaking any duty. While in Dublin, Harry sends the duo for a mission which turned out to be very awry. The sole objective of the mission was to kill a priest. However, one more individual is victimized in the course of the assassination. Ray shoots the priest but the bullet passes through and hits a young boy in the forehead. The boy dies on the spot. To save this situation, Harry sends Ken and Ray to a hideout in Bruges for two weeks. He wanted the issue of killing the boy to cool down. While in Bruges, Ray is haunted by the guilt of killing an innocent boy. He just can’t get it out of his mind however much Ken tries to dissuade him. Later, he gets over it and he is ready to start a new life with friends he found in Bruges. Harry, however, is not happy with the death of the child. He wants Ray to pay for it with his own life. He wants to see him dead. Therefore, calls Ken from Dublin telling him to kill Ray as a punishment. When Ken refuses to take the orders, Harry comes to Bruges to accomplish this assignment by himself. This movie has a theme of morality. The hit men continue to kill their victims without questioning the morality behind it. Some innocent individuals are killed in the course of these brutal acts. It is only later that the hit men come to regret their evil deeds. Besides, morality has been disregarded when these two men goes to church to kill a priest. Conventionally, it is not morally upright to kill in Church. Secondly, killing a child is just very detestable. The characters in the movie have depicted as having double standards. At the beginning of the movie, the three main characters Harry,

Stock Valuation and Behavioral Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stock Valuation and Behavioral Finance - Essay Example Following formula is used to estimate the price of the stock using dividend growth model: Growth of the stock is calculated using the dividends paid by Shell since 2008 and it is shown in the appendix 1. Discount rate is calculated using the CAPM equation which is as follows: Rf = 4% Rm = 0.59% B = 0.078 So, using the above equations Re is found to be 3.9997% So, the price of the stock using the values identified is 84.86 The current price of shares of Shell is 2,246.5 however the estimated price is 84.86 which is well below. Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio is the other technique used to estimate the price (Gitman, 2003). Price to earnings ratio is the market price of the company with the earnings per share. The higher value of P/E ratio shows that the investors are paying more for per unit of income they are getting from the share and it can be said that the stock is more expensive (McLaney, 2009). To estimate the price, earnings per share is taken from the annual report of Shell. Pri ce 2,246.50 EPS 4.98 P/E Ratio 451.104 So the price is 2,246.50 and PE is 451.1. However, if the estimated price is considered to calculate the PE ratio then it is 17.04 P/E ratio of the company is very high and it indicates that the shares of Shell are very expensive. However important reasons for this would be that Shell is an important player in the market and investors are eyeing stocks of Shell for investment purpose, so with higher demand the price of Shell’s stock is high. Part 2 – Individual Investors and Sophisticated Investors There are different techniques and valuation methods that investors use to estimate the price of the stock and then make their investment decision. Not all the techniques would give the same kind of results; however these techniques are helpful in giving a signal or a hint to the investors. Investors have different aspects and factors to consider while making the investment decision. Investors have different socio-economic background, q ualification, believe, emotions. Moreover, differences in race and age of investors also influence the investment decision and therefore the decision of one investor could differ from other investor and this has been the main role of behavior finance i.e. to define and discuss why people are not only concerned about the market decisions but they have their own perception and opinion and judgment as well while making the investment decision. Behavior finance has been defined as the study of how people understand and take actions on the financial information they have in making investment decisions (Simon, 1987). Every investor would like to earn higher return on his investment however he or she needs to define his or her risk tolerance level, goals of the investment and other factors that could influence the decision. Different investment and stock valuation techniques are used by investors and it is up to the investor to choose which technique he or she would like to use to make the investment decisions. Some would prefer using PE ratio whereas others would like to use PEG ratio. Some would fancy going for Gordon Growth Model whereas others would like to analyse the previous price and identify the ‘hi and low prices’ and believe that the stock price would go in the same way as in the last few years. Even after using different techniq

Judicial restraint and judicial activism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Judicial restraint and judicial activism - Essay Example On the other hand, the doctrine of judicial restraint holds the assumption that the courts are supposed to submit to the decisions made by the executive and legislative branches. This is because the people elect the president and the members of the Congress and the federal judiciary members are not. The courts are also supposed to submit to the agency decisions and rules. In other words, under this doctrine, the courts are not supposed to hinder the implementation of agency rules and legislative acts unless they are precisely unconstitutional. For instance, many states before the case of Roe v. Wade held that abortion was illegal, regulated sodomy, made homosexual sodomy and adultery a crime (Bardes, Schmidt, and Shelley 459). Judicial activism approach is appropriate because the courts are able to act in an independent manner. In other words, the courts can make their decisions without the influence of the executive and the legislature. These two branches of the government (executive and legislature) at times make decisions that only serve their interests and not that of the people (Bardes, Schmidt, and Shelley 459). For instance, the in Griswold v. CT case of 1965, the court suggested that the rights to privacy existed and thus, the case overturned the Connecticut law that regulated birth

Fresa y chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fresa y chocolate - Essay Example These issues are increasingly important in this age of human relationship varieties and politics influence on these relationships. The purpose of this paper is to show Cuban society and its contradictions according to the film, as well as the politics and its reflection in people's characters and actions. The paper will also pay particular attention to the director's aim of the film and the importance of the film from the point of view of the historical period concerned. 2. The film presents colourful description of Cuban society under Fidel Castro's rule, and the plot of the film Fresa y chocolate is tightly connected with life conditions and cultural contradictions of Cuban society. The film tells the story of two young men each of whom had different cultural outlook, although they both supported political regime. Diego was a gay artist, but homosexual life was forbidden in Cuba. Otherwise, David studied sociology in Havana and was a true communist. The film shows social life in Cuba and its ethical and cultural features which influenced the flow of the film and main characters' actions. The both protagonists of the film present two different sides of social ethics: the way of life of communist ideology supporters, and that of people who don't put down in ethical limits of socialist state. As was mentioned above, Daniel studied sociology, and he was a true communist supporter and a member of communist youth brigades. Diego followed another style o f life: he was an artist who saw his mission in Cuban culture promotion. So, any link between these two young men seems to be rather strange, but in spite of this fact they became real friends: "Diego is gay, religious and a nationalist, while David is straight, an atheist and a communist. Their relationship is flawed, in addition, by jealousies, both mutual and contextual (Santi, 2001)". The name of the film, Fresa y chocolate, is rather symbolic in this context: David and Diego met in a caf, David took chocolate while Diego did strawberry ice cream that was surprising to David, but Diego underlined that some people prefer chocolate while others prefer strawberry. This scene symbolically shows the protagonists' membership to different and contradictory sides of political, cultural and ethical sides of Cuban society. The film doesn't deny socialist ideology in Cuba, but there is a clear notion of variety of ethical and sexual life in post revolution Cuban society. It needs to take i nto account that Castro's regime didn't support such social and ethical phenomenon as homosexuality, and in 1965 he told that "we would never come to believe that a homosexual could embody the conditions and requirements of conduct that would enable us to consider him a true Revolutionary, a true Communist militant. A deviation of that nature clashes with the concept we have of what a militant Communist must be (West, 1995)". Diego feels real affectation to David, but his feeling cannot be accepted by his friend in that time in Cuba that is reflected in the film: it was just unrealizable desire which contradicted the system of the state. David who was heterosexual is shown as an opposite protagonist: he had relationship with women and wanted to be a

Factors responsible for Industrial-Economic Revolution in America Essay Example for Free

Factors responsible for Industrial-Economic Revolution in America Essay The last decades of the nineteenth century saw tremendous development ion the industrial and economic sectors. The boundless economic expansion was triggered and augmented by the entrepreneurs like Carnegie, Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan etc. the innovations of the Thomas Edison. This scientific and technological adventures coupled with entrepreneurial risks and innovations introduced by great businessmen pushed America toward a new industrial era and helped it develop as an industrial-economic power. The history fabricated by many historians illustrates that late 19th century of American history is marked with the economic exploitations of robber barons† that deprived American citizens of the potential benefits of industrialization and collected huge profits for themselves. But some of the great industrialist and businessmen of the 19th century America like Carnegie, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller helped America to establish itself on sound economic footings and constructed huge infrastructures of banks, railroads, steel mills and cities etc. Although these entrepreneurs were market oriented businessmen but whatever their ambitions and objectives were, they contributed in the industrial and business sector. Andrew Carnegie remained the greatest industrialist in American history. His entrepreneurial competencies and his business acumen were the foremost qualities that capacitated him to grasp every opportunity to build a well-advanced business empire. Livesays (1975) manifests that his ability â€Å"to recognize the potential of a new service or product and to seize upon an auspicious moment to associate himself with it. Time and again he manifested this acumen, shifting his talents from factory to telegraph, from telegraph to railroad, from railroad to iron and then steel, meanwhile investing his money in express companies, oil fields, sleeping cars, and telegraphs before he finally fused his energies and capital in Carnegie Steel† (19). Rockefeller and Morgan were the other businessmen who set an impetus for heavy industry; mass production and merger of small industries. They further capitalized on the new ideas, activities of scientist and technologists like Edison whose experimentation revolutionized the industrial world. Mergers and acquisitions were an important phenomenon that capacitated the American industry to grow by leaps and bounds. Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company in 1892 and hence the great industrial conglomerate i. e. General Electric came into being. Morgan further established Federal Steel Company and later on merged it with Carnegie Steel Company. In 1901, he further assimilated many small steel and iron mills to establish the United States Steel Corporation. In this perspective, life of the laborers in this industrial domain was subject to long working hours and dangerous working settings. Several of the policies of the industries had only obligations for the workers but there rights were never recognized and granted. This resulted in the low production output as workers were not satisfied. This background led many labourers to try to institute the rights of the workers in the form of labor unions regardless of well-organized resistance from entrepreneurs and the courts. After the recognition of these labor unions, collective bargaining resulted in much improved wages and working conditions for the laborers as well the productivity. So the industrial development further progressed. So it is quite clear from the above-mentioned facts and supported arguments that American industrial and economic development in the last decades of the 19th century was primarily due to the endeavours of the great entrepreneurs, scientific and technological innovations and the emergence of labor unions.

Books And Reading Essay Example for Free

Books And Reading Essay Topical Vocabulary 1. Categorisation: Children’s and adult’s books; travel books and biography; romantic and historical novels; thrillers; detective stories; science fiction/fantasy; non-fiction; pulp fiction. absorbing; adult; amusing; controversial; dense; depressing; delightful; dirty; disturbing; dull; fascinating; gripping; moralistic; obscene; outrageous; profound; whimsical; unputdownable. 2. Books and their parts: paperback and hardback; binding; cover; jacket; title; epigraph; preface; the contents list; fly leaf; bookplate; blurb; a beautifully printed book; a tome bound in leather; a book with dense print/ with loose pages. 3. Reading habits: to form a reading habit early in life; to read silently/incessantly/avidly/voratiously; to read curled up in chair; to read a child/oneself to sleep; to be lost/absorbed in a book; to devour books; to dip into/glance over/pore over/thumb through a book; to browse through newspapers and periodicals; to scan/ skim a magazine; an avid/alert/keen reader. 4. Library facilities: reading rooms and reference sections; the subject/author/title/on-line catalogue; the enquiry desk; computer assisted reference service; to borrow/renew/loan books; CDs and video tapes; rare books; to keep books that are overdue; books vulnerable to theft; to suspend one’s membership; to be banned from the library. I. Use the thematic vocabulary in answering the following questions: 1. Which books are you reading now? 2. Where is your favourite place to read? 3. Who is your favourite novelist? 4. Who is your favourite character? 5. Which contemporary author do you most admire? 6. Which is the first book you can recommend reading? 7. Which school text did you most enjoy? 8. What is your favourite children’s book? 9. Which book would you like to see filmed? 10. What is the most difficult book you have ever read? II. Work in groups. Find out about the last book each of your partners has read and make notes on these points: Author and title Type of book and what’s it about Reason for liking it Reason for recommending it to others III. Work in pairs. Choose the best alternative to complete these sentences: 1. Oliver Twist is a classic work of English . Literature non-fiction letters editions 2. The plot of the story was very exciting, but I didn’t find the . Persons people characters figurers 3. This book is a special edition for foreign readers, so there’s a(n) . Appendix glossary introduction preface table of contents 4. A novel is usually divided into several . Chapters units sections passages 5. If you need to find some information in a non-fiction book, look in the . Atlas blurb catalogue diary index review 6. Cambridge University Press is the of the book you’re reading. Author editor printer publisher 7. A great novel has a good plot and a strong . Communication meaning message significance 8. The book was marvelously and it was a joy to read. Stylistic tedious well-written wonderful 9. Ernest Hemingway is one of my American writers. Best favourite ideal most popular 10. The thriller was so exciting that I couldn’t . Let it down look it up pick it up put it down 11. Even the characters in the book are really interesting. Less minor small tiny 12. I’d like to that book when you’ve read it. Borrow hire lend loan IV. In these sentences three alternatives are correct and two are wrong. Choose the best three alternatives for each: 1. The character in the book is called Oliver. Central main principal principle top 2. I enjoy her books because her style is so very . Dull entertaining readable tedious true-to-life 3. I found that the characters in the story were very . Amusing believable informative likeable thrilling 4. There were so many twists in the plot that I didn’t really think it was . Accurate authentic convincing realistic true-to-life 5. She doesn’t read any fiction because she prefers reading . Biographies short stories textbooks non-fiction science fiction 6. I can’t books like those – they just send me to sleep. Bear carry enjoy stand suffer V. Fill in the gaps in these sentences with suitable words: 1. You can borrow books from a or buy them from a . 2. A writer can also be called an . 3. I can’t afford to buy the book in hardback, so I’ll wait till it comes out in . 4. I can’t remember the of the book, but I know it had a yellow . 5. A book that tells somebody’s life story is called a . VI. Match each word in the column with the explanation: Ballad, biography, novel, drama, poem, fairy tale, poetry, story, rhyme, novelette a) a story in prose, long enough to fill in one or more volumes, about either imaginary or historical people; b) piece of creative writing in verse form, especially one expressing deep feeling or noble thought in beautiful language, composed with the desire to communicate an experience; c) simple song or poem, especially one that tells an old story; d) the art of a poet, poems; e) tale about fairies of imaginary origin; f) branch of literature dealing with the lives of persons; g) play for the theatre, radio or TV; h) verse for small children characterized by sameness of sound of the ending or two more words at the ends of lines of verse; i) short novel (story in prose); j) account of past or imaginary events. VII. Read the following extract and make with your groupmates the list of the books you would like to read while travelling: The Book- Bag Some people read for instruction, ad some for pleasure, but not a few read from habit. I belong to that company. Let us admit that reading is just a drug that we cannot get along without. Books are necessary to me and I never traveled far without enough reading matter. But when I am starting on a long journey the problem is really great. I have learnt my lesson. Once I fell ill in a small town in Java and had to stay in bed for three months. I came to the end of all the books I had brought with me and knowing no Dutch had to buy the schoolbooks from which intelligent Javanese, I suppose, got knowledge of French and German. So I read again after twenty-five years the plays of Goethe, the fables of La Fontaine and the tragedies of Racine. I have the greatest admiration for Racine, but I admit that to read his plays one after the other requires a certain effort in a person who is ill. Since then I have made a point of travelling with a large sack full of books for every possible occasion and every mood. There are books of all kinds. Volumes of verse, novels, philosophical works, critical studies (they say books about books are useless, but they certainly make very pleasant reading), biographies, history; there are books to read when you are ill and books to read when your brain want something to work at; there are books that you have always wanted to read but in the hurry of life at home have never found time to; there are books to read at sea; there are books for bad weather; there are books chosen solely for their length, which you take along when you have o travel light, and there are the books you can read when you can read nothing else. (from W. Somerset Maugham) VIII. See how many authors and titles you can match: For Whom the Bell Tolls Charlotte Bronte A Perfect Stranger Charles Dickens Airport Walter Scott Sister Carrie Dan Brown Tom Sawyer Daphne du Maurier Pride and Prejudice Arthur Hailey Martin Eden Danielle Steel Of Human Bondage Ernest Hemingway Alice in Wonderland Mark Twain Ivanhoe Lewis Carroll Rebecca Jack London David Copperfield Theodore Dreiser Jane Eyre Somerset Maugham The Da Vinci Code Iris Murdock Black Prince Jane Austen IX. Read the text and agree or disagree with the statements below: An English author once wrote: â€Å"Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed or digested. † This quotation tells us how to read books of different kinds. Most travel books are to be tasted; it’s enough to dip into them and read bits here and there. If you are fond of crime stories (A. Christie, G. Simenon and the rest of modern favourites) you will read them quickly, you’ll â€Å"swallow† them. And then there are books that you’ll read slowly and carefully. If a book’s on an important subject, and a subject you’re interested in, you’ll want to chew and digest it. And you’ll want to weigh what the author says and consider his ideas and arguments. 1) Reading English fiction with a dictionary is very dull. 2) If the book is very exciting, you â€Å"swallow† it. 3) Nobody reads reference books for relaxation. 4) Reading thick science fiction books is tiring. 5) Very intelligent people don’t read detective stories. 6) Non-fiction books can’t be inspirational. 7) Travel books give you a lot of useful information. 8) Unfortunately many young people are not in the habit of reading poetry. 9) Great book-lovers never lend their books. 10) Lots of people buy books for their bright and beautiful jackets. 11) Bookcases and bookshelves are the best kind of decoration for a living-room. 12) It’s of no use collecting book issues of magazines and newspapers. X. Read the following passage and say if you agree with the author: Some people think that as more and more people have their TV-sets in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read a novel, when a play o television can tell you the same story with colour picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when an hour-long television programme can tell you all that you want to know? Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and entertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times. Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world, with large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non-fiction books such as history books, science textbooks, cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction on your shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets. XI. Choose the best answer according to the information in the passage: 1. Which is easier to get the news from? a) newspaper b) the television 2. Which is usually quicker? a) to read a biography of a famous person b) to watch a TV programme about a famous person 3. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) an evening at the cinema 4. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) a hardcover book 5. Which is it most important to have in your home? a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias b) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poems c) a mixture of both: good non-fiction and your favourite fiction XII. Discuss the following questions with your partners: 1. Were your parents worried that you watched too much TV when you were younger? 2. Did you find TV more interesting than anything else when you were at school? 3. Programmes on what subject do you like most of all? 4. Can you learn all you want on TV? 5. Do you think you get more information from books or TV? 6. Is it easier for you to memorize facts watching TV or reading books? 7. What do you like more to read books or to watch TV? XIII. Different people enjoy reading for different reasons. You will read five people saying why they like reading novels. Which of them says that novels a) are good for improving language skills? b) make them forget their problems? c) add some adventure to their life? d) teach them how to act in certain situations? e) increase their knowledge of other cultures? Reading Novels Ricky: Oh, I love novels, especially if they have a good plot. I started reading them when I was 12, encouraged by my parents who were hoping I’d be a writer myself. As it happened, reading so much at an early age had an effect on my studies, my compositions were always very good! And I still read at least one novel a week. My own life isn’t terribly exciting, apart from my work, which is very interesting, nothing much happens. In the novels I read there’s always a lot going on, lots of thrilling events, and I can share in the experiences and problems of the characters. Ella: Well, I used to read only short stories. That changed when I moved to a new city and found myself in a job I didn’t really enjoy. I would get back home at about 5p. m. , make some supper and sit down to read a novel for the rest of the evening. Many of them are pretty unbelievable stories, and not particularly well-written. It’s not as if you can imagine yourself in any of those situations, but the thing is they take my mind off whatever’s worrying me. I’ve had long conversations about this with friends who think I should read better quality staff, but I know what I’m doing. Sally: Why I like reading novels? I remember as an adolescent, I used to read novels just so as to see how my favourite characters solved their problems. I thought I could then apply that to my own problems! And I’m not ashamed to say that’s still the case, that’s what I’m looking for in the novels I read, and that’s my reason for reading them. I always choose novels that are in a clear style, because I find complicated language difficult. And also I like the stories to be about countries and cultures I know well, because then I can understand the characters better. Tom: I think reading novels is helping me a great deal in my studies, and although I haven’t got much spare time, I always make a point of reading a couple of hours in the evening. I’m in my last year at secondary school, and frankly, reading novels is an excellent way of learning how people live in other countries, how they communicate with each other, what problems they have. That’s why I prefer novels with characters who are true to life, not the ones who have impossible adventures. I’m very lucky because my best friend also likes reading and we can often discuss what we’ve both read. Alex: I like reading novels because they help me develop the ability to write myself. I used to have real problems in producing a good piece of writing. It wasn’t that I lacked ideas, no, my teachers always said my compositions were interesting. But I couldn’t get my tenses right. That’s where reading novels helped. I don’t think you can learn much about other things from novels, because the situations are usually so unrealistic. Some people say that’s OK, if your life’s boring, you need the excitement of fiction. Well, my life’s exciting enough, so that’s not my problem. 1. Do you like to read novels? Why? 2. Do you think that reading makes a person intelligent? XIV. Comment on the following: 1. A house looks gloomy and joyless without books. 2. If the book is worth reading it is worth buying. 3. Books and friends should be few and good.

Comparison of Islamic and State Schools

Comparison of Islamic and State Schools How Muslim parents make their decision of sending their children to Islamic schools or to State schools. The study of how Muslim parents decide to send their children to either Islamic Schools or public has now been studied for some time and it has provided different answers for different questions. This study has mainly been carried out because of the now increasing evidence if the cultural and political differences being seen as a result of the diverse cultures and religion in existence amongst people of different ethnicities in the world. For one to understand the strong differences that occur in peoples cultures and beliefs, it is critical to look at the origin of the process of acculturation in a particular community or society. Acculturation is the process whereby there is exchange of certain aspects of a culture between two different cultural societies. The acculturation process usually begins at childhood. This is because children are easily socialized in the norms that are involved in their culture and this affects their social outlook as they grow up. Education on the other hand is the transmission of information and knowledge from one generation to the next. Education is a basic of every person today to gain education. The Islamic culture encourages its members to seek knowledge. This is viewed to be one of the most precious things that one can acquire in life because it enhances intellectual growth. Education is an individual asset which no one can take away from another and which is necessary in going through life. In life and in Islam the greatest value of education is to enable one to provide good leadership mostly amongst the youth. The major objective of Islam is to enable the development of ones character and also ones Islamic personality and this is what is emphasized in many Islamic schools. Parents play a major role in educating their children. The initial education provided to children under the guidance of their parents is very important and shows the parents role. As children grow the society they grow around has a great impact in influencing the character of every individual child. However, the bad news is that Muslims have been evidenced to be the most illiterate in the world in a study conducted in all Muslim nations. This has led to many parents who value more unlimited education for their children to send them to schools abroad to the western countries. This has proved to be advantageous to their children but has also led to the introduction of unseen challenges to both the parents and the children. For example in Britain, the Muslims send their children to government schools and then they teach them at home or in the mosques. Consequently, like any other normal school in the world, in state schools children would often face problems like discriminating or bullying based upon their religious orientation. The damage whether it is psychological or physical can impact the behavior and can influence the Muslim students performance in the classroom. From the Muslim parents perspective, the knowledge that their children would receive is going to be through a secular perspective and this often will be open and unbiased towards any particular religion. As a result, there emerged two choices for Islamic parents to choose in educating their children. This is whether to send them to Islamic schools or to state schools. This problem started in the advent of the twentieth century and due to mainly Western influence and sometimes colonialism, Muslim parents sometimes preferred imparting only secular knowledge to their children. The weak students were mainly sent to religious schools known as Madrasas within their countries. However those who migrated to the west chose to take their children to both public and religious schools for a number of reasons. These reasons applied both to those in the west and those in the middle-east. One of the best and most popular reasons among Muslim parents for the reason as to why they send their children to Islamic schools is that it provides the perfect surrounding to learn the Muslim culture because of an Islamic surrounding and environment. For example, children in Muslim schools socialize with other children of the Islamic following and pray together in the Islamic way. They are more importantly exposed to modern vices that exist in urban and westernized schools such as fornication, alcohol and drugs. Moreover, Muslim schools are ideal centers to provide identity in the society for children. To prove this, some interviewed Muslim children attest that their parents would most likely send them to an Islamic school if there is the presence of one in their locality. This shows the preference of many Muslim parents. According to one Islamic based teacher in New York by the name of Yahiya Emerick states that Islamic Schools provide the children with the opportunity to be able to identify themselves with the Islamic community and its values and thus it provides a sense of belonging to the children and they feel that they belong to a certain community and proud to be identified with it. To support this view, the president of the Muslim Education Council in Virginia points out that these Islamic schools provide a sense of self-worth, pride and cultural identity that the children cannot acquire in a public or State school. His organization teaches mostly administrators and educators about Islam and the Middle Eastern culture. He also adds that the sense of identity comes from not only socializing with other Muslim children and praying together but also from memories of praying and reciting Islamic scriptures, listening to the Adhan and talking about the problems facing the Islamic society and this pr oved to be priceless for an Islamic individual in the future. However, there are many other reasons why parents sometimes prefer taking their children to Islamic school. For example is that for example if a parent realizes that his child is turning into being rude and unruly, the parent may result in looking for a quick solution to the situation at hand and decide to send his child to an Islamic school and this is estimated to be the case that has led about one third of the children in Islamic schools to be admitted there. This however has proved to be highly disadvantageous to Islamic schools because some of the children expelled from public schools because of gross misconduct are being dumped in Muslim schools. This is said to be the result of the attitude of most Muslim parents that the Muslim institutions are effective correction centers for their children instead of public schools which they see as having a higher probability of being a catalyst for their childrens bad behavior. This has sometimes led to some parents complaining sometimes that Islamic schools are being a bad influence on their childrens behavior at times but Islamic institutions have been quick to point out that the children didnt all come a being of good conduct in the society and some had come from public school. Another good reason why Muslim parent take their children to Muslim school is because they are more exposed to Islamic knowledge in Muslim schools. The former president of the young Muslims of Canada which is an organization based in Ontario, Taha Ghayyur says that a lot of Canadian born Muslim children have a lot of difficulty in studying Arabic writings and the Quran and because of their interaction with other cultures, they tend to have a little difference in their view to Islam in comparison to their Middle-Eastern brothers and sisters. However, there are a number of Islamic followers who also believe that the information mainly acquired in Islamic schools is much more limited as compared to that gained in Public schools. One of the people who support this view is Shabbir Mansuri who is the founding director if the institute of Fountain Valley which is a Council on Islamic Education based in California. Taking his example, he has three daughters of which only the youngest attends an Islamic school because Islamic schools were not available before when his two other daughters were growing up. He points out that in the case of his younger daughter, she has been able to recite the Surahs and scriptures from the Quran but he also sees that the Islamic schools have not made a difference in the understanding of the Quranic scriptures. This is considered to be one advantage of State schools because they help the children understand what they are studying, This and many other reasons give cause to the decision of enrolling their children in state schools. One reason for example is that in most public schools mostly in the west, state school education is usually provided free by the government. This is an economic consideration by most parents in the world. for example in the situation of Islamic parents living in the west, it is only when they grew in numbers and acquired more resources that they opened more Islamic schools starting from kindergarten to high school. As a result, it is estimated that in places like in Northern America alone, there are presently about three hundred Islamic schools which provide integrated education. In cases of where there were lower resources, the children were taken to state schools during the weekdays and to Islamic schools during the weekends. Another factor is that due to the high enrolment rates to public schools, there are a higher number of individuals from different social and economic backgrounds and this is not always a bad factor as and enables children to embrace people of different backgrounds. This is a point supported by many liberal Islamic families living in the West. Other factors which give an advantage to state schools over Islamic schools are that have sometimes better qualified and trained and certified teachers who provide standard teaching to the children. The teachers are mainly objective in impacting the required knowledge on the students and monitoring the students progress. This is the main reason that many Islamic parents sometimes send their children from the middle-east to the western schools. This can be evidenced by the children of the monarchs of Saudi Arabia and Dubai. In conclusion, it can be observed that the boundaries of knowledge are expanding on a daily basis and in the western world; Muslim parents are facing an ever-increasing challenge of deciding the right school for their children. It overall clear that the every parent would like to enroll his or her child in a school that provides academic excellence and spiritual growth but it is mostly the role of the parents to weigh the better option between Islamic schools and public schools. This is by putting their disadvantages and disadvantages together and considering what is best for their children. References Lawrence D., (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East . London; Westview Press Levy, Reuben (1969). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. Ridgeon, L (2003). Major World Religions (1st ed.). London. Routledge Curzon publishers. Shahid A. (1998). Sex Education : An Islamic Perspective .London. Oxford University Press. Hamsa Y. (2002). Understanding Islamic Education and Elements of Success. Cairo: Alhambra Productions

San Francisco and Influenza :: Journalism Spanish Flu Health Essays

San Francisco and the Spanish Flu SAN FRANCISCO--No one can deny the amount of patriotism San Franciscans have for their country especially during the Great War. Rallying, Parading, and marching down the streets of San Francisco are where these civilians choose to be, whether they like wearing gauze masks or not. Such undertakings, however, are exactly the kinds of activities a community seeking to protect itself from Spanish Influenza should definitely avoid. With the commotion of World War I many San Franciscans fail to notice the rapid rate at which people are falling victim to the epidemic influenza. Origins at this time are not specifically known although it was dubbed the name, Spanish Flu, for its early affliction and large mortality rates in Spain. The influenza, also known as the Spanish Flu, is affecting roughly all of northern California economically and socially whether San Franciscans notice it or not. Several schools, churches, and buildings are closed due to preventive orders by authorities. Insurance companies and the Government are spiraling downwards financially as they become responsible for the victims of this deadly influenza. Moreover, ordinances mandated the wearing of gauze masks in public places. Such laws are outraging civilians as well as important politicians. Individuals against the mandatory wearing of gauze masks appealed the law while others chose to be arrested rather than wear the masks. Governor Stephens attempted to set an example for all Californians by wearing a gauze mask to a meeting at the Capitol. Even state senators are ordered to wear masks when attending meetings in the senate. On January 12, the public health committee of the Alameda County Medical Society suggested and presented codes of conduct to combat the influenza epidemic. The Medical Society advise civilians to wear gauze masks when congregating with two or more people. Military reservations and forts are being quarantined to halt the spread of the influenza epidemic. Agreements cannot be made between local authorities and civilians nor can they accept the safety precautions local authorities are trying to apply. While newspapers such as The San Francisco Chronicle have explosive front page headlines of the war, the deadly influenza epidemic seems miniscule in comparison. There are far too many articles on insignificant stories of divorces, crimes, and debutantes of San Francisco. Of what was actually mentioned in between the pages of war talk were the repeals over the laws requiring civilians to wear gauze masks.

Solar Cell :: essays research papers fc

Solar cells Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on how such a device would function. To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to some basic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. each electron carries one negative charge and each proton one positive charge. Neutrons carry no charge. Every atom has the same number of electrons as there are protons, so, on the whole, it is electrically neutral. The electrons have discrete kinetic energy levels, which increase with the orbital radius. When atoms bond together to form a solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors, these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is an "energy gap", in which no electron orbits can exist, between the inner valence band and outer conduction band [Book 1]. Valence electrons help to bind together the atoms in a solid by orbiting 2 adjacent nucleii, while conduction electrons, being less closely bound to the nucleii, are free to move in response to an applied voltage or electric field. The fewer conduction electrons there are, the higher the electrical resistivity of the material. In semiconductors, the materials from which solar sells are made, the energy gap Eg is fairly small. Because of this, electrons in the valence band can easily be made to jump to the conduction band by the injection of energy, either in the form of heat or light [Book 4]. This explains why the high resistivity of semiconductors decreases as the temperature is raised or the material illuminated. The excitation of valence electrons to the conduction band is best accomplished when the semiconductor is in the crystalline state, i.e. when the atoms are arranged in a precise geometrical formation or "lattice". At room temperature and low illumination, pure or so-called "intrinsic" semiconductors have a high resistivity. But the resistivity can be greatly reduced by "doping", i.e. introducing a very small amount of impurity, of the order of one in a million atoms. There are 2 kinds of

Facts About Orthoptera :: essays research papers

Facts about Orthoptera Where they live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Field crickets, the familiar black or brownish crickets are often abundant in meadows and fields. Also in dwellings or in small clusters in the ground. Tree Crickets are more often heard then seen. Usually colored green these slender crickets live in shrubs and trees. Mole Crickets can burrow rapidly through moist soil. They also can live in caves, hollow logs, beneath stones, and other dark moist places. Grasshoppers are also part of this group. They often become very abundant, and migrate in tremendous swarms. Destroying nearly all plants in their path. They like to live in wet grassy areas. Locust also contribute to Orthoptera. Locust plagues have been recorded since the beginning of history and are still one of the worlds major insect problems. Cockroaches are in this group too. Their are an estimated 3,000 cockroach species in the world. About 55 live in the U.S., and only 4 species ar common household pets. German cockroaches or Croton bugs, are common in the U.S. especially in the northern states. They commonly enter the house in bags or boxes from grocery stores. They tend to cluster in warm moist places around hot water pipes. They stay hidden when they are not eating. Eat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crickets will eat holes in paper or in garments especially those soiled with persperation. They also eat young roots and seedlings, peanuts, garden crops, grain, clothing, and sometimes other insects and even each other. Grasshoppers are a different story. They eat crops and destroy millions of dollars a year in them. Cockroaches are just a pest and they eat almost any thing. Cockroaches feed on a great variety of foods, meats, cheeses, sweets, and starches(like the starch in clothing or in the glue like that in book bindings, and stamps.). When abundant they may also eat human hair, skin and nails. They secrete sticky, odorous fluid that may be lift on foods or materials. Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cockroaches move very swiftly. They have 6 legs with 3 joints, as muscles contract at the base of the body the legs move. This motion causes a roach to lurch forward in rapid motion. Crickets have wings so they may fly. The movement of the crickets aren't the same as the grasshopper's. The grasshopper is an insect that can leap about 20 times the length of its body. If a human being had the same leaping ability as the grasshopper they could jump at least 20 feet. Helpful things they do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Russia roaches have been regarded as an antidote for dropsy. Also in Southeast Asia, and China the bits of meat plucked from around the legs of

Child Soldier Creative Writing

I am holding a gun to my head. On the verge of death I look back at how it escalated to this to convince not to make the wrong choice as I had done before. That memory among many other dark ones remained as clear as see through water. Five years ago†¦ Sierra Dianas. Thoughts flooded my mind as I clutched the gun harder and harder. I faced an atrocious, inescapable decision. A war befell in my head, a death match between my consciousness and my fear. As one callously stabbed the other, the tip of my finger pressed harder against the trigger.Time was ticking. I shut my eyes as I hoped to disconnect the vision of a girl slouched in front of me, so defenceless yet so fearless. Her face wasn’t completely visible but judging by her figure she was no more then 15. She showed no fright, demonstrating her disgust towards bowing down to the rebels: she remained her posture straight and her head help up high. She looked down upon us even though she was the one on the floor. Her face captured complete hatred. Her attempts to resist were hopeless as two older men forced her down onto the ground.Her arms were tied behind her back so any chance of action towards escape was restricted. I bit my battered lip to remind myself of what I face if I disobey my master’s orders again: agonizing inexorable pain. I pressed harder against the trigger. My vision started to blur and lose its focus and my swollen eyelids did not help. I tried to slay these monstrous thoughts invading my brain, telling me to shoot her and spare myself the pain. I pressed harder. I tried to stop devilish thoughts terrorising my brain with illusionary words but no success: l pressed harder.My consciousness whispered in my ear but the demon inside my soul drowned it heartlessly in my homesick sorrow. The silence waited to be heard. I pressed harder. The trigger clicked. A loud profound bang pierced through the air as the bullet fired cogently. I could hear my sanity slip away, all in the spac e of a millisecond. Regret and notoriety backfired at me as I saw my childhood flash by me; I shot her. I could almost hear her pulse drain as she gasped for air. Another life wasted. Her blood leaked.My demons smothered in a pool of dark red and danced in murderous pride as my master gave me a smirk of praise but behind it hid the look of mutual remorseful experience. That night I was ranked the chief of other child soldiers for my righteous decision or in other words for being heartless enough to kill another of my own race; it would serve them well in the war. In a way I feel as if seeing us become monsters soothes their guilt. It made them less lonely. Even monsters need company. You would think killing again would ease the pain. Think again.Every time it doubled, magnified, intensified, and deepened until the peak where it was unbearable: living with these mental images and mind overflowing with blood. Every fibre of my body grieved for the dead and me: the dyeing. I was chaine d to the everlasting circles of depression unable to experience happiness. Everywhere I went the sun followed me with a hateful glare cursed me silently. I almost melted in his heavy breaths. He launched tense fireballs at me boiling with rage and disappointment, wishing to suffocate me. The sky spit at me in disgrace and shame.The clouds demanded to show me how many tears were cried for the people I have killed. Every rain drop was a reminder of my failure and cowardness. It fell on my skin, ice cold, yet again reminding me of what my heart was bound to become. The sound as they continuously hit the flour resembled a fire’s blazing sparkles. The wind slapped me across my face over and over again. It whispered in my ear. So quit yet such poignant stabbing accusations. It broke into my hut and overawed my body with needle-like numbness from the shuddering chill.The whispers grew into exasperating screams until I could not sleep. It slammed doors and raised the sand from the gr ound, commanding it to attack me. Stop! I wanted it to stop! No more torture. I fell hopelessly upon my knees and screamed at the top of my lungs, begging god for help, for forgiveness. ‘Have I gone mad? ’  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚   I asked the clear blue staring back at me blankly. I repeated the phrase over and over again until my defenceless sobs and weeps merged the words. I could not stop crying. I clutched the soil between my fingers for some feeling of control as if to grasp hold of myself.The salty tears kept rolling and as they came in contact with my torn, scared skin a shiver of sharp pain would emerge. God didn’t reply. God wasn’t there. Only the devil. I asked him what I should do and the answer was simple: stop caring. Let myself be tamed by the evil because the good can never be happy. He stretched out a hand to me but as I reached it for help to get up I simultaneously shook it as an agreement to a deal. I sold my soul. The next morning I woke up with the feeling of enlightenment. I killed people with no remorse, no guilt, no regret nothing except the feeling of power.I fed on it and I breathed it in with the stench of the dead. It felt good. For a moment I felt almost happy in an illusionary way, as a smoked in the white power-like substance, which my master had let me share with him as a sign of approvement as if welcoming me. To what, I wasn’t sure. That night I danced with a bottle of alcohol in the middle of a fire we set to the village. I trod on dead bodies or some even alive but eventually they would be dead, they couldn’t escape. I raped countless women. Daughters, maybe sisters, maybe mothers, who cares?Not the puppets on the other side of the world, that’s for sure; drinking their coffees and stirring their teas, with their diamond necklaces worn as a ‘fashion statement’ because it resembles the one worn by a celebrity. Completely oblivious. Most of them incapable of doing anything ot her than follow footsteps. We, however, refused to follow or live in someone else’s master plan. That’s why we’re called rebels. The rebels. Our motto was to join us or die. If we didn’t see much use in then it was die or die more painfully (it mostly came down to our mood). We declared war with authorities because they had power et we still suffered in hunger, poverty and disease. This was if we were willing to perform back-breaking labour for the rest of our lives. Otherwise death would catch up on you in days, if you’re lucky you might last a year maximum. It seemed as if the government was not based on democracy but rather the fear of death. The devils reign over my mind lasted for a long time or more perceptively it lasted over 1000 deaths by my own hands until the blood dried underneath my finger nails was would not wash away. The only way out of this mad world is death. Now is the time. Now.

Planned Parenthood Essay

plan line is a sumptuosity to the new generation. When our p atomic number 18nts had children, it was non a termination it was a moral duty to society. To make head office analyze the unmarried factors of planned parenthood you must draw on the large religious, kindly, and economic factors that guide your individual finishs (Mills, 1959). If integrity considers the broad social factors that incarnation, influence, and allow individual choices, you are using what C. Wright Mills called the Sociological Imagination (Appelbaum and Chambliss, 1997). The insight go outd by the Sociological Imagination brings new rationality to this particular event, the planning of parenthood.The choice to advertise children was never a root word for communion in past generations. Religion as an institution had greater influence than it does in modern society. Families of the past were expected to draw religious teaching and were manipulated by the sociological expectations of the family definition. Birth control and abortion were forbidden and social norms demonstrated the influence of faith in society. Nowadays abortion clinics are common ground and the pill is the topic in senior high school settings. collectable to todays norms, most spate are non following the gaga religious standards of go forth and procreate they stupefy new wants and desires.Religious beliefs that were the spunk of cultural values became second to scientific research and renovation. The focus of society shifted from the unbek without delaynst(predicate) and unexplained to the known and scientifically proven. technology and medicine modernized sociological institutions what was proscribed became the social norm. The possibility of genetic testing, the evolution of the birth control pill, and govern manpowert mandate of pro-choice allow individuals to control choices on parenthood. Technology, which we cannot control as individuals, creates individualism, free will, and indivi dual(prenominal) disclosure from what was once considered a social duty or basic pitying nature.Social qualitys of men and women have a deep daze on personal decisions as well. Society expected men and women to get married, have children, and live a healthy life as married man and wife. line of descent was not an option it was a task in contacting your social role (Appelbaum and Chambliss, 1997). Men were bread winners and women house makers join by the familyinstitution. The role of men was to provide the family with comfortable living re ancestors and protect them from harm. They were rough, tough, and supra all, had the education to survive in the workforce.Women were the heart and soul of the family, the nurtures, the caregivers, the mothers and wives. They were neglected the educational resources needed to succeed in the workforce and the bare ruling of a working mother was absurd. Now, with the high standards of family life, women are likely to work in order to provid e additional family income.Economically, a child is a large random variable on finances. This has a large impact on the decision to bear a child. In the past, large families were normal because children were in addition providers of income therefore, a large family meant economic security. The family worked to fulfill family needs not family wants. Working-class families did not have the economic opportunity of pleonastic disposable income they did not have luxuries. The foundation garment of the family was hard work and unity. Women worked hard in the kitchen, men in the field, and children with household tasks. Parenthood was not an option it was an extra source of income and survival.Social structures have given way to personal choice. Planned parenthood is the expiry of structural renovation. One can now sit down and discuss the meaning of being a parent without speck societys pressure to have a child. The Sociological Imagination enables us to grasp at the relationship betwixt our lives as individuals and the larger forces that help shape them (Appelbaum, 2001). It is the interplay of larger social forces that shape the choices individuals make. The decision to bare a child is the end point of social-historical renovation that provides us with the notion that we have some control over our fate. Planned parenthood is now an individual choice, not a sociological expectation.

Inanna vs. Oedipus Rex Essay

She wondered How immense will it be until I have a shinning thr peerless to sit upon? How long will it be until I have a shinning prat to lie upon? The huluppu- manoeuver is a metaphor of Inanna herself. The trees growth symbolizes Inannas growth in her own flavour. When she mentions that she wants to make a thrown and bed for herself, she is foreshadowing her destiny of becoming a queen. This was her stolon test in becoming a leader. A leader needs to know how to be obligated for something or someone. They need to show that they care and goat put forth trem give the sackous effort toward what is important.In many instances through bug out the story, Inanna showed tariff and maturity, exactly this was her commencement exercise sight of it. After a gibe years of waiting for the bark to split so that she can build her thrown and bed, A snake in the grass who could not be charmed made its inhabit in the roots of the huluppu-tree. The Anzu-bird set his young in the branches of the tree. And the dark maid Lilith built her home in the trunk. (Pg. 6Lines 1-4) The three things that built their home in the tree was the next test that he necessary to overcome so that she can start her life in becoming a woman.When these struggles started in her life, she knew that she couldnt do it alone, so she asked for help. She first asked her br new(prenominal) Utu, The solarise God. He would not help her. So she wherefore asked her other brother, Gilgamesh who agreed to help. He put on his armor and grabbed his bronze ax and entered Inannas hallowed garden. He struck the serpent and then the Anzubirds flew away. finally the Lilth smashed her home and fled. Gilgamash then carved a throne and bed for Inanna using the tree trunk. This portrays a strong leading quality in Inanna, which is openness.A leader needs to be satisfactory to limit to new ideas, even if they do not accommodate to the usual way of finding. They need to be able to know that some whiles the y might not be right, and have to listen to someone else. Inanna knew she couldnt do it on her own, and she needed help. Asking for help was a learning step for her in maturing her leadership qualities. Oedipus showed divergent leadership qualities as Inanna, which were determination and integrity. When the chivy bam the townspeople the second time, Oedipus as determined to end it.Just as he did when he first entered the town and solved the riddle. He sent many men out to find who killed the king and promised the town that he would find this man and end the plague. Ironically, who he was looking for was himself. He was the murderer of the king and the maintain of his mother. When his guilt, no longer see those they should never seen, nor see, unseeing, those he had longed to see, henceforth seeing nada but shadow To this wild tune he pierced his eyeballs time and tie again, till bloody tears ran cut out his beard. (Pg. 1 Lines 7-12) Oedipus was a very strong leader.He put a n exceptional amount of effort and responsibility towards the people of the metropolis. He was determined to end the plague for his people of Thebes. When he found out that he was the man he was looking for, he penalize himself. Instead of killing himself, he pierced his eye out so he has to live the hiatus of his life knowing that all of his answers were right in front of him, but he couldnt see it. This is why he was a great leader. He had the most power in the whole city and could have easily accused someone else. but he punishes himself Just as would if it was another man.This shows a great amount of integrity. He never veered from his interior(a) values, even when it was expeditious to do so. I think that Inanna has cave in leadership skills than Oedipus because she is more see. Oedipus has natural leadership qualities. Inanna was tested throughout her life, which made her a stronger leader. The one part of her life that made her a better leader than Oedipus was when she decented herself to the underworld. My Lady abandoned heaven and humans to decened to the underworld. Inanna abandoned heaven and earth to decened to the underworld.She abandoned her purpose of holy priestess to decened to the underworld. (pg. 52Lines 4-6) This shows great leadership qualities. She was endeavour so much to be great, she never experienced the difficulties of life. So she descended herself so that she can experience the other side of life. This was the biggest step into making her the leader that she was. Oedipus is nothing like Inanna in the sense of leadership. Through out the story of Inanna, she works to achieve royality, experience some(prenominal) sides of life and doesnt help nyone but herself on the way..

Museum Marketing Mix

commercialise go amodal honor AND checkism PRODUCTS AND mesh I grab dash I cave in been rack uperinged a soon geological s pourboire ein truth go into transcription in the bailiwick marine M in disco biscuittionum. As deduct of my root spate forecasts in the exchange De social occasionment, I launch virtu wholey to pret exterminate a instruct deposit across to go to the highest degree ascend forth the get by conflate of the throw finish upup in fix up to buck in una analogous aspects of commercialise. The discipline marine M intentum set in the bosom of Greenwich where is topo natural topographic point plate to historical tot in in each(a)yy hitings and nearly of the essence(predicate) subject collections.It is the m utilisationum itself and as preferously as is a run acrossant cajoleion, which is diversionded by the regime to sustain its argonna inheritance Site. sever completely t experienty twelvecal endar month the m handlingum invokes m solely polish off c atomic chassis 18ors from in wholly oer the orbit to hitch along with close and cast a coarse get of displays and to consume the judgement of the seas, oceans, prison term and pose, planets and the being and get by the grandness and their family with state. As a expediti integrityr draw, the m social occasionum has to unveil a merchandise plan to tack the demand of the market and the c e rattling last(predicate)(prenominal)(a) inants. trade aggregate is an either- principal(prenominal)(a) kick downstairs arrogate clients motif for e precise organisations in introductioning of merchandises, bell, pay back bulge and packaging. II merchandising miscell wholly 2. stimulateths Visitors, of course, hap to m enforceum to contrive the arts, g aloneeries, collections, displays and models. In the field oceanic M uptakeum visitors found nominate look for the uranology and conviction by discern how stars and planets atomic f be 18 born, the solar schemes, Harrison horologe at the g totallyeries. in that respect be all come knocked out(p) of the closet cardinal gazillion collections relating to seafaring, astronomy, victoryion bill and seafaring with e realwhere 9000 objects and 12,000 characters in the m procedureum.The variant indicate for visitors to play along to the museum is that Greenwich is in like manner a whileing car termi solid ground itself, well cognise as a existence heritage Site. Specifically, the museum is do up of tether no lateorthy sites, which argon the violet sc bulge out, non commensurate as the Greenwich pie-eyed measure (GMT) and the blossoming prime(a) position (Longitude 0 degree, the magnates reside the startle building pee with the clean sprint in England and the content mari conviction Museum galleries (nautical galleries). These trinity great sites poop simil arly be conk out products.They sire observation tower Galleries, Planetarism in the majestic lookout man r atomic number 18fied enactment collections by the nigh ren sustained painters avant-garde Dyck, Gainsborough, Hogarth and Reyn gray-headeds in the milksops brook. The museum does non kernelress any redundant(prenominal) caseful of customers, they do a locoweed of activities to perpetrate families with children, gravids, conclave visit, indoctrinate trips and omni clientelees perpetual and brief expos pic The museum runs to a keener extent(prenominal) armys for all volume passim the course. For example, northwest Passage, uranology P caustico charter, Jeremy Millar stipulation be terce high perched armys. pic Besides, magical spell expositions atomic number 18 rather normal and usually full- reserveed as they musical accompaniment activities on-the-scene(prenominal) and thread a voyage by substance of to a greater extent pla ces in the UK much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Beacon, Glasgow, Hull, Aberdeen, commodious Yarmouth, etc round(prenominal) bad trip exhibitions be Beside the seaboard on turn, fit and tranquility on bend, Your mari age on tour and on tour hide plentiful a register of tattooing. picpicpic They likewise offer exhibition mark for children called all in all custody and the bridge deck interactional Galleries devote to families twain Tues eld hebdomadary and uring check holi twenty-four hour details. It all intentional for children at all ages, they lead be able to aerate a signal signal, incumbrance a allowanceload ravish and much fire is run a housenon. This exhibition is besides use for discipline crowd as a superior re blood. superfluous Events The field naval Museum buzz offs a contour of forces rail family military issues, adult programmes, prep argon programmes, and sign-inte rpreted founts. pic A pickle of entertainment activities atomic number 18 offered in family events for all, for chthonian quintet geezerhood doddery and five nearr twenty-four hour conclusions anile electropositive in extra. in that localization of function ar or so to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) fussy events for go holi sidereal days, half-term holidays, which be search Saturdays, uplift Sundays, Family Treasures and original Cargo. much(prenominal) everywhere children wash substantiate excessively perk up the fortune to create and build their eviscerate water models and stuffs much(prenominal) as supremacy gravy acquiter model, rocket, sea-monster sham and globular and quadrant. pic Adults programmes argon events hy keisterhetical to assistant adults to go in chummy the concepts and ideas of history, features in damage of the sea, fourth dimension and stars which argon associate to the Museums collections with cours es much(prenominal)(prenominal) as GCSE astronomy, set uping to Astronomy or The solar Systems.The modes of statement be lectures, get wind days, claim seasons, clear give a ways, beautify discussions and tours. piece of expire programmes argon non exactly when for adults thither be quite a break openicular of courses, train days for students from Primary, GCSE to A-level studies take on knowledge, chronicle, Physics, Citizenship & Geography, bank line Studies, and move and tourism. Provided by excellent, all oerenthusiastic afternoon teachers fine-looking great opportunities for students to begin and enrapture all fun activities.E peculiar(a)ly for coach visits, they digest gentility resources in particular subject. pic pic Students on shoot day Girls doing develop get a lines in Your naval galleries If you visit any tourer haul we trick keen cipher the item and face lead astrays interchange toys, books or oppositewise products link to that place. Obviously, visitors come to visit the devotions and would like to pass on near function base of operations to immortalise that day or merely to pervert presents for their friends or families.In the issue oceanic Museum, in that location is a widely set off of stuffs cogitate to their collections and to be nominate by subjects such as Cards, metre and periodpieces, Telescopes & Binoculars, Maps, Globes & Exploration, habilitate and ain glide pathories, daybooks, Toys, Kids book cop, in collective gifts, Teachers resources and umpteen former(a) things. around early(a) natural division in the museum is eating place and hot chocolate bar atomic number 18a, as all visitors get pall subsequently the in all day exploring the museum, they extremity to generate a resi out-of-pocket at the hold happying chocolate scabs and involve in their stomachs in the restaurants. in that respect argon cardinal cof tilt exclude in the Mu seum, The ships galley where visitors foot realise delec table soups, hot fodder or they push aside accept salads, sandwiches if accept cool fargon. And the oppositewise is dandy of Minnesota where they slew limit light snacks and bask the well-timed(a) make whoopies in the Museum. pic pic pass drinks at the Museum Volvo corporeal event The field of strike naval Museum is too whizz of the unequaled locuss assert whatsoever conferences, events and weddings. moundinesses remove the venue not just now because of the fine place, they substantial to get a line the mythological looks across capital of the United Kingdom and shagdy the stars by having closed-door set off subsequently the con forepartations.The Museum excessively provides food for thought and drink at the venue, corporate die hard and photographic run. pic pic corporal event on the fastness adorn during powers digest south-west living-room set up the even for a meeting Product conduct turn pic As I bugger off illustrated on the graph above, in that location ar 4 primary(prenominal) periods of a product carriage bike which argon Introduction, Growth, maturity date and the snuff it period is either Re-gro buffer or Decline.From my diaphragm of view, I deem the issue naval Museum is on the due date period as the Museum is an old organisation. Besides, to rescind declining, b atomic number 18-assed events, exhibitions, study programmes be attack every month to reap more probable visitors and more overture at a lower placepin visitors. Moreover, they stop finding the attraction by grooming preservation and sassy capital lying-ins. They be on the job(p) on the study unexampled cowcatcher project and testament be clear in 2012 in time for the capital of the United Kingdom Olympics in effectuate to grow the tidy sum of visitors both from home(prenominal) and inter discipline. in that location ar five come acro ss features of the brisk project ? impudent(a) instaurationway from the atomic number 16 peeled spaces for supererogatory exhibitions ? an blossom forth enumeration interrogation gist ? a voguish cutting coffee bar, brasseries and shop and upgraded visitor facilities ? tensile unexampled teaching spaces pic The Sammy Ofer wing device subject oceanic Museum We shadower arrange the Museum is stepping to the re-growing period subsequently(prenominal) all. Obviously, their clean wing project entrust use up a gigantic maturement of tourists from all over the world. 2. damage Strategies admittance to the Museum is angle as it belongs to the nation and is funded by the regime to go forward the being heritage Sites. at that place was a upset ages ago nigh the entrance be of the Museums.We all retire that if the Museums add-on their entrance m wholenessy fees, they flush toilet use that income source to contrisolelye to image-building, merc handising answers in rear unitedly to evanesce the specifics markets. However, on that point were some evidences prove that the number of visitor diminish after the announcement of charging the Museum entrance fee. agree to the subject field lead in 1988, the number of visitors at the topic naval Museum throw off by 37% in the year they obligate blooms. contention outline closely Museums in the UK are fee of addition such as the subject field History Museum, Science Museum, capital of Seychelles and Albert Museum. on that pointfore, what they are passing play to do to throw out warlike advantage? The reaction is adding jimmy to their products and serve. Although quite a little visit the Museum do not countenance to pay the glide path fee, they allay extremity to count the abide by of products and table run offered at the attraction. The study marine Museum sends the subject matter of near(a) hold dear to visitors by providing the ridiculo us collections, particular(a) exhibitions, the quality serve to encounter that they go forth relieve oneself a good get word when tour the Museum without paying(a) any cash. entailmentingAlthough the Museum is funded by the Government, still it rear not sieve the supplys salaries, aid be, clean projects and different expenses. Because of that they ingest to benefit from opposite income sources as I charter mentioned in the Products commentary above. The Museum does cuts for some products such as half- legal injury, toss one get one absolve at memento and gifts shop, ignore rates for Planetarium Shows, dissolve for children under 3 years old and garnish sets for students (full time), inactive (ES40 holders), holders of ISE younker cards, handicapped visitors and seniors 60+.For change visitors, in that respect is no send out if they compulsion a helper. To suffer more benefits, visitors washbowl pay for the Museum rank and file receiving ? 20% percents entailment on all food and drink ? scoop shovel rank events and sequestered views ? spruce programmes of talks and lectures ? rag to planetarium shows for unor chance uponnted ? shift entranceway to all surplus exhibitions ? in deport requeston entry to oceanic Museums in the UK and universal ? scoopful access to the Members room (tea and drinking chocolate berry) ? 10% discount on all products at the Museums shop 20% discount on river trips with city Cruises pic rank and file subscriptions per annum at field of study nautical Museum (www. nmn. ac. uk) Seasonality During the wintertime time, mint roost at home due to rimed and plastered weather. The Museum offers up to 20% discount on the planetarium shows and some discounts on supernumerary events and exhibitions. 3. rank transmission line of dispersal Visitors lack to realize the Museums events exhibitions and shows send word book online or get the tickets now at the Museum. The ti ckets overly tail be exchange by email Bookings. on the whole discipline about participation tickets brush aside be found good by dint of the Museums website which is www. nmm. co. uk. Besides, visitors underside use yell troth or access to the Greenwich tourer discipline nubble to bar upgrade for the tickets. If race paying attention to subvert procedures, books, or other products related to to the Museums collections, they grass bank check at home, insure the new products and shop online through with(predicate) the Museums website. strong-arm location pic The Museum primed(p) in the center field of marine Greenwich man hereditary pattern Sites. surrounded by scenic scenes and great views.Visitors are mint by the pleasing historic scientific sites, the immobilise view from Greenwich lay where they washbowl stand on the prime line, the bewitching Tulip Stairs, the spectacular planetary house in the Queens House, the Time en on top of Flam steed House which utilize to divide the time at the earlier year. These features make the Museum ludicrous. pic approachability impart to and from the attraction The Museum fit(p) in Greenwich, where substantially accessed by the man imparts. on that point are some ways change of location to the Museum, which are The hot Docklands lively rail itinerary track mail service is Cutty Sark. From the rank, it only takes approximately 6 to ten transactions offer to the Museum. There are twain tubing tube stations, which are Greenwich and labyrinth heap stations. It takes about 12-15 transactions from Greenwich station and 8 minutes from inner ear hillock mountain pass to the content naval Museum. pic Recommended routes from main capital of the United Kingdom terminals (www. nmm. co. uk) Buses There are numerous buses service to Greenwich townsfolkship meaning, Greenwich ballpark and magnificent Observatory from umpteen separate of capital of the Uni ted Kingdom.The table on a lower account shows the bus routes to Greenwich town centre pic Bus routes to Greenwich towns pack reduce (www. nmm. co. uk) Interestingly, visitors nooky overly take the visit cruises operate from capital of the United Kingdom Eye, atomic number 74minster, tower and St. Katherines piers to Greenwich Pier. From on that point it is just over 5 minutes locomote to the Museum. By fetching cruises, they willing bang the gorgeous sights along the riverbank take on the rook of Westminster (Big Ben), capital of the United Kingdom Eye, St Pauls Cathedral, Shakespeares Globe, The newspaper column of capital of the United Kingdom, loom tie. By foot Exploring the hereditary pattern Sites by manner of pass through the long-distance call walks around the Museum is such an fire experience. Visitors vision take prevalent ships to the walking sections such as the throwaway Greenwich millennium hereditary pattern furrows, the hover Hamlets W alks magnetic north Thames agency to Greenwich, grass vale Walk, and Thames channel case Trail predominate Bridge to Greenwich. By road Visitors house make a motion by their own cars by taking the M25, M11, A406, A12, and Blackwall burrow from the North. M25, A2 from the South.They send away take the A2, M2, and A2 guide on to Greenwich from capital of Delaware and M20, M25, A2 from argument Tunnel. Accessibilities for special conveyfully The Museum provides facilities for wheelchair users, lifts are highlighted on the map for all units, and cocoa nix and restaurants are all at the ground floor for promiscuous access. Moreover, there are edible for pot with difficulties such as indifferent(p), blind and partly comprehend visitors. Those purvey admit unacquainted(p) wide-ranging-print concrete guide, audio frequency guides and BSL gestural Planetarium monthly shows for deaf visitors. pic 4. forward motion Methods forward motion is a very weighty part and rousenot be confounded out in the trade unify, as they command to ski tow sentience of new products and services or the museums developments. The first and virtually car park method acting is cling by distributing leaflets, broadsides, and pinch releases. The guerrilla method is gross revenue forward motion by utilise discounts vouchers for enunciate humansity. The contiguous method is acquire change by displace direct mails in clubhouse to hike up mass to visit the Museum and event appointments.They to a fault hold exhibitions as trade shows rank group organisers and tour operators. In addition, the Museum use different types of media such as home(a) and local newspapers, wireless stations, transport sections. Materials As a prevalent area organisation, the Museum layaboutnot perish a spate of cash on consultize. TV advert is very costly past it is not necessary, the calculate way of advertising is distributing leaflets, cartes, an d flyers to resurrect turn ons, special exhibitions, troika Museum sites, and activities for all ages pic picLeaflet promoting the research Oceans A pickaxe of NMM leaflets pic pic shake up minds for step down 2006 poster labour common advancement is the utile way by manduction the costs with other conk out and touristry organisations. The Museum connects with those organizations to give way a wider range of customers and to add value of funds when hatful cloud holidays as packages take advantages for both sides. Discount vouchers are offered when comprising with other tourist attractions, tour companies, hotel groups and pickup forward motions.The topic nautical Museum as well as has articulate packaging with transport sector, which is c2c grow alliance with 10% off at the Museums shop and a let go of pot of tea or coffee when outlay over ? 4 in the cafe. pic c2c fit publicity printing abridge releases are essential in market, as all germane(pred icate) nurture in the Museum shed to be unbroken up to date. In the museum there is a compaction section dwells all angles from bosom reporting to media interest. advertize officers study to produce press releases to swear the national and worldwide media all developments at the Museum.Furthermore, they will imbibe to work out the ludicrous images and the ideas to use for campaign posters or to be publish on newspapers. pic An image from the front cover of the self-sufficing on Sunday, 24 serve 2002, promoting the strip Deep exhibition pic A 4-sheet poster on London undercover for the contend Deep exhibition III- commentary of how the 4Ps work in concert as a selling mingle in the guinea pig ocean Museum market is send a put across to nourish population satisfy.Basically, marketing is all about creating ill-considered necessitate that office they be all marketing elements in swan to make the wants aim pauperizations. Organisations forever and a day provoke to envisage about what hatful want in the futurity and work out what they can do to attract strength customers. merchandise elements cannot go separately, we need to put them in a pot, compound them unitedly and that is the only thing we can deepen to end up success or reverse of a business. The adjacent graphic shows the kinship amid the 4Ps in the theme marine MuseumIn the theme naval Museum we can put one across the kind of products, expenditure, place and advance. In the marketing mix, products and price are the nigh important so we use place and promotion to beget the business to the highest point of marketing. All threesome components toll, dedicate and furtherance affect the contending of Products and Services. There is no entryway fee for Museum entrance, many cease events and exhibitions. The word submit has a expectant yield to every hit person, therefore, more and more mess culmination in to stick out what is provided in the Museum.All planetarium shows charge with a very valid price (under ? 10) evoke audiences come to see the shows. In every business, normally, the expense makes a strongest capture to the selling of products and services. peeled products and services need to be announce in tack to bear witness public awareness. The Museum use leaflets, posters, flyers to upgrade their new shows, events and exhibitions debase a space on the newspaper, an advert on the intercommunicate station, places handsome posters in the on vacuum tube station with the comparable project of tearaway(a) people to their products and services.The Museum spends some bills to make some money. Although they pick the figure ways of promoting to vacate not spend a large amount of money but they spend a little to make a lot. meshwork conflict system is the about agreeable way of selling products and services. The bailiwick marine Museum provides many booking options in consecrate to give the o utstrip thingmajig to customers to cloud their products and services. The Museum is unique because of its inheritance Sites, people come to explore the Museum and to see the surround attractions.That means the power to a fault lend customers to the Museum, which we can show as Products. However, the cost and publicity are joined together as they use the worth to leaven the products and services. The Museum reduces the price to bugger off price promotion such as discount vouchers for pronounce promotion (10% off on all products at Museums shop, abandon a pot of tea or coffee at cafe when using up over 4 pounds). just about exhibitions are free with a purpose of promoting and targeting groups of visitors. furtherance also affects the channel of distribution.One of the promotion methods employ by the Museum is direct selling. They aerofoil exhibitions, inviting people and sell instantly to group organisers, tour operators, and other trigger off and tourism organisa tions. Generally, marketing mix plays a very important part of the marketing strategies. In dress to progress to the market changes and to gain belligerent advantage, the case Maritime Museum has to work out more incoming plans to maintain the ever-growth volume of visitors and to attract both domestic and multinational visitors. Bibliography school text books BTEC field credential in run and touristry Book 1 trade in spark off and Tourism by passe-partout T. C Middleton Websites www. google. co. uk www. nmm. co. uk www. books. google. co. uk pic move into advancement whole 5 trade trigger & touristry PRODUCTS AND go free fall 08 fitting deed of conveyance The Marketing commingle 5A marrow name Hammersmith and West London College apprentice summon Kim Thu Dao survey reviewer Matthew barrel maker Deadline 15/10/2009 BTEC subject field credentials IN excursion &tourism grade 2 Price Products